If there is a tail line below the hoist, it shall be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. What are some of the requirements for manually operated suspension scaffold hoists? WebA mobile scaffold can only be built to a maximum height of 12 metres. 22.A.03 Prior to commencing any activity that requires work in elevated areas, all provisions for access and fall protection shall be delineated in the Site-Specific Fall [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iii)], Outrigger beams (thrustouts) are the structural members of a suspension or outrigger scaffolds that provide support. Zelienople, PA 16063. First, it's important to note that there are two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 safety factor. Stairways must be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. Web(1) When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(13)], Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. When do supported scaffolds need to be restrained from tipping? When a guardrail system is used, the guardrail height must be increased in height equal to the height of the stilts. What are the requirements for scaffold planking? [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The standard prohibits the use of crossbraces as a means of access. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. A canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact forces of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees below. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Tables showing maximum permissible spans, rated load capacity, and nominal thickness are in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c) of the standard. Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. When acids or other corrosive substances are used on a scaffold, the ropes shall be shielded, treated to protect against the corrosive substances, or shall be of a material that will not be damaged by the substance being used. How wide does the work area need to be on scaffolding? [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(16)], The standard prohibits work on platforms cluttered with debris. Counterweights shall be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams to prevent accidental displacement. Fall protection includes guardrail systems and personal fall arrest systems. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(i)], No. A stairrail consisting of a toprail and a midrail shall be provided on each side of each scaffold stairway. Must be specifically designed for the type of scaffold with which they are used. How will I know what kind of fall protection to provide for a specific-type of scaffold? Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed according to the scaffold manufacturer's recommendations or at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and be repeated vertically at locations of horizontal members every 20 feet (6.1 m) or less thereafter for scaffolds 3 feet (0.91 m) wide or less, and every 26 feet (7.9 m) or less thereafter for scaffolds greater than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. Must be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on non-adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope. What are some of the requirements for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists? Crossbraces shall not be used as a means of access. When an outrigger beam is used, the shackle or clevis with which the rope is attached to the outrigger beam shall be placed directly over the center line of the stirrup. Also see, OSHA Standards Interpretation and Compliance Letter: 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. Employees shall be prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery material except as necessary for removal of such materials. Each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports as follows: Each platform unit (e.g., scaffold plank, fabricated plank, fabricated deck, or fabricated platform) shall be installed so that the space between adjacent units and the space between the platform and the uprights is no more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide, except where the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary (for example, to fit around uprights when side brackets are used to extend the width of the platform). Some of the requirements for all types of suspension scaffolds include: Counterweights used to balance adjustable suspension scaffolds must be able to resist at least four times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or one-and-a-half (minimum) times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)]Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. Sand, gravel and similar materials that can be easily dislocated shall not be used as counterweights. Must not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches, unless each employee uses. Must have a slope of no more than 1 vertical to 3 horizontal degrees (20 degrees above the horizontal). Be positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; Be provided with rest platforms at 12 foot (3.7 m) maximum vertical intervals; Have a minimum step width of 16 inches (41 cm), except that mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 1/2 inches (30 cm); and. What are the requirements for work on platforms cluttered with debris? Each employee performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold shall be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold (except at the side next to the wall being laid) by the use of a personal fall arrest system or guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity). Each scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. WebAccess points may be designed for access or be opportunistic. The use of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited. For all scaffolds not otherwise specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(vi) of this section, each employee shall be protected by the use of personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold shall be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded; Each hoist shall be covered with insulated protective covers; In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor shall be connected from the scaffold to the structure. The maximum distance from the face for outrigger scaffolds shall be 3 inches (8 cm); The maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations shall be 18 inches (46 cm). [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(13)], These hoists require a positive crank force to descend. Only those items specifically designed as counterweights shall be used to counterweight scaffold systems. The ladder legs shall be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. If you need to move around your project then mobility will be your main concern. What materials are unacceptable for guardrails? Focus on Scaffolding The primary criteria used by the FSC to assess scaffolding work on site are contained within: WH 12 HIRAC FP 4 Management of Subcontractor WHS FP 6 Training arrangements H1 Working at heights Scaffolds must be equipped with proper access and may include dual access as necessary. What are the requirements for suspension scaffolds? Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. Each platform must be planked and decked as fully as possible with the space between the platform and uprights not more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide. Guardrail height. WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. What are the requirements for access to scaffolds? [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. [29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c)]. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(iv)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(viii)], Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. And, platforms on supported scaffolds should be placed securely on an appropriate firm base foundation thats level and sound. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? [, Employers must ensure that all employees are trained to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used. Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). WORKERS MUST USE FALL PROTECTION WHEN WORKING FROM THIS SCAFFOLD Green: SCAFFOLD IS OK FOR USE Tag must include the scaffold capacity: Fall arrest systems should protect these employees. Mobile Some Scaffold NOTE: As of January 1, 1998, subpart M of this part provides that body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. What types of scaffolds does the standard prohibit? Access ladders must extension ladders are being used to access Suspension scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices shall be: Made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength; Secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage on the building or structure. the tail line is guided, retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded. Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s). This standard requires the scaffold to resist tipping against two times or more the load exerted on it when a worker accesses, uses, or exits it. What are scaffold platform construction requirements? When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members on a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines and automatic locking devices capable of stopping the fall of the scaffold in the event one or both of the suspension ropes fail. [, When scaffold platforms are more than 24 inches (61 cm) above or below a point of access, ladders, ramps, walkways, or similar surfaces must be used. "Access." Give Us a Call. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(7)], Drum hoists must contain no less than four wraps of the rope at the lowest point. 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c). Web5.3.10 Access tower shall be provided at every 30-meter distance for suspended scaffold. This basically means that the ladder rungs should have sufficient clear space behind them to allow a foot or hand to make sufficient purchase on the rung. STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY The systems optimum design offers a high load rating and extreme rigidity, keeping your workers secure and productive. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] They must be placed perpendicular to their bearing support. When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. Ropes shall be replaced if any of the following conditions exist: Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the hoisting rope. ABOUT US. Guardrail systems are explained below in another question. Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. Stairrails shall be not less than 28 inches (71 cm) nor more than 37 inches (94 cm) from the upper surface of the stairrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(2)], Also, employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials - except to remove these substances. Must have slip-resistant surfaces on all treads and landings. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v)]. [, When employees are plastering and lathing 18 inches (46 cm) or less from the front edge. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. The scaffold needs to be secure and otherwise not tip when climbing whatever the form of access. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Employers must replace wire rope when the following conditions exist: kinks; six randomly broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay; one third of the original diameter of the outside wires is lost; heat damage; evidence that the secondary brake has engaged the rope; and any other physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope. Treads and landings shall have slip-resistant surfaces. Handrails, and top-rails used as handrails, must be at least 3 inches from other objects. Note to paragraph (g)(1): The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces are set forth in subpart M of this part. WebAccess to all scaffold platforms must be safe and clear. Flowable material, such as sand or water, cannot be used. When are both fall-arrest and guardrail systems required? Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders): Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders shall be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; When hook-on and attachable ladders are used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high, they shall have rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals. WebEmployees must pass a written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be authorized to operate said equipment. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(14)], Drum hoists must contain no less than four wraps of suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. A landing platform at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide by at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) long shall be provided at each level. A personal fall-arrest system is a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. When canopies are used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines equal in number to the number of points supported, and equivalent in strength to the strength of the suspension ropes. c) Added guidance for assessing base soil conditions. Toeboards shall be securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform and have not more than 1/4 inch (0.7 cm) clearance above the walking/working surface. WebRequirements for Scaffolding Tower Use of Safety Harness Safe place and Safe person strategy You can read regulation of Trakhees, in detail. On scaffolds where scaffold planks are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end shall rest on a separate support surface. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. A study of the degradation properties of The training must include fall hazards, falling object hazards, electrical hazards, proper use of the scaffold, and handling of materials. [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(1)], Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. Two tie-backs installed at opposing angles are required when a perpendicular tieback cannot be installed. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(8)], The standard does require specific clearance distances. WebA pole scaffold, tube and coupler scaffold, system scaffold, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work area. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], To protect employees from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, install toeboards, screens, guardrail systems, debris nets, catch platforms, canopy structures, or barricades. At all points of a scaffold where the platform changes direction, such as turning a corner, any platform that rests on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. When used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet high, must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals. [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. What are the footing and foundation requirements for supported scaffolds? Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold used; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have a minimum rung length of 11 1/2 inches (29 cm); and. Abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires. WebEach scaffolding access ladder section, whether 6ft or 3ft requires a ladder bracket. Any part of a scaffold damaged or weakened such that its strength is less than that required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be immediately repaired or replaced, braced to meet those provisions, or removed from service until repaired. Handrails, and toprails that are used as handrails, shall be at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) from other objects. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v)], Fall-arrest and guardrail systems must be used when working on single- and two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds and self-contained adjustable scaffolds that are supported by ropes. Exception to paragraph (b)(1): The requirement in paragraph (b)(1) to provide full planking or decking does not apply to platforms used solely as walkways or solely by employees performing scaffold erection or dismantling. What is the maximum deflection of a platform? Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(17)], Welding can be done from suspended scaffolds when, No materials or devices may be used to increase the working height on a suspension scaffold. Have a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). To reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire rope when performing welding from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable: An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support (such as cornice hook or outrigger). The top-rail of each stair-rail must also be capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. 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