Ida B. "Ida B. The campaign Ida B. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a teacher, activist, and journalist who worked tirelessly from the late 1890s to document and fight against lynching throughout the United States. . Lynch Law in America Political Culture Race and Equality Social Reform by Ida B. Wells-Barnett January, 1900 Edited and introduced by David Tucker Version One Version two Version three Cite Part of these Core Document Collections Slavery and Its Consequences View Study Questions How does Wells explain the occurrence of lynching? At Newman, Ga., of the present year, the mob tried every conceivable torture to compel the victim to cry out and confess, before they set fire to the faggots that burned him. American The Revolt of 1910 Against Speaker Joseph Cannon. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime. Wells went to heroic lengths in the late 1890s to document the horrifying practice of lynching Black people. . Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly-made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. Four of them were lynched in New York, Ohio, and Kansas; the remainder were murdered in the South. And it hit home for Ida B. Features such as a chronology, questions for consideration, a bibliography, and an index are also included to aid students' understanding of the historical context and significance of Ida B. Wells's work. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900, https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/, Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches, Florida Center for Instructional Technology. At the time Ida B. (University of Chicago Library) In 1892, journalist and editor Ida B. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. CONTEXT. Most were written by African-American authors, though some were . . Wells. Life in Industrial America. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the Negro woman is the accusing party. African American journalist Ida B. The photograph was taken in Indianapolis, where his wife and children had relocated after the murder. No American travels abroad without blushing for shame for his country on this subject. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like "Lynch Law In America" 1900 Speech by Ida B. Over one hundred have been lynched in this half year. A few months ago the conscience of this country was shocked because, after a two-weeks trial, a French judicial tribunal pronounced Captain Dreyfus guilty. Naturally, they felt slight toleration for traitors in their own ranks. (1900). Wells in March 1892 when three young African American businessmen she knew in Memphis were abducted by a mob and murdered. Readability: Flesch-Kincaid Level: 9.3 Word Count: 3,447 Genre: Speech It asserted its sway in defiance of law and in favor of anarchy. What does its concentration in the South and the predominance of African American victims tell us? . This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. Harding and the Return to Normalcy (1920), Crystal Eastman, Now We Can Begin (1920), Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1921), Hiram Evans on the The Klans Fight for Americanism (1926), Herbert Hoover, Principles and Ideals of the United States Government (1928), Ellen Welles Page, A Flappers Appeal to Parents (1922), Huey P. Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). In 1892 there were 241 persons lynched. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime [in the South] . Following the death of both her parents of yellow fever in 1878, Ida, at age 16, began teaching in a one-room schoolhouse in rural Mississippi. There it has flourished ever since, marking the thirty years of its existence with the inhuman butchery of more than ten thousand men, women, and children by shooting, drowning, hanging, and burning them alive. According to Wells figures, 66% percent of the victims were African Americans, 34% were white or of some other race. But this question affects the entire American nation, and from several points of view: First, on the ground of consistency. If a colored man resented the imposition of a white man and the two came to blows, the colored man had to die, either at the hands of the white man then and there or later at the hands of a mob that speedily gathered. Ida B. Wells-Barnett published "Lynch Law in Georgia" o n June 20, 1899, to raise public awareness about white racism and violence in the South, particularly with the act of lynching. For this reason they publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. Available in hard copy and for download. Ida B. Download Book Lynch Law In Georgia PDF. She was charged with being accessory to the murder of her white paramour, who had shamefully abused her. Wells traveled through Great Britain in the summer of 1893 to promote the activities of her anti-lynching campaign, white leaders in Memphis, Tennessee, inundated England with dispatches and newspapers that were short on facts and heavy with ad hominem attacks. Available at https://goo.gl/QvpcRf. . She had to take care of her siblings, and she moved with them to Memphis, Tennessee, to live with an aunt. See also, Lisa D. Cook, Converging to a National Lynching Database: Recent Developments, (2011) which describes and analyzes different databases of lynching incidents. Wells was already out of town when she realized that an editorial she'd written had caused a riot. FRED. Wells was the most prominent anti-lynching campaigner in the United States. It is generally known that mobs in Louisiana, Colorado, Wyoming, and other States have lynched subjects of other countries. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime [in the South]. It is considered a sufficient excuse and reasonable justification to put a prisoner to death under this unwritten law for the frequently repeated charge that these lynching horrors are necessary to prevent crimes against women. WELLS New York City, Oct. 26, 1892 To the Afro-American women of New York and Brooklyn, whose race love, earnest zeal and unselfish effort at Lyric Hall, in the City of New York, on the night of October 5, 1892made possible its publication, this pamphlet is gratefully dedicated by the author. The Unsung Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement, Documents in Detail: "Against American Imperialism", Check out our collection of primary source readers. In her lifetime, she battled sexism, racism, and violence. And in May 1892 the office of her newspaper, the Free Speech, was attacked by a white mob and burned. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. All the negro asks is justicea fair and impartial trial in the courts of the country. Ida B. Wells-Barnett From "Lynch Law in America." Born a slave in Mississippi in 1862 a few months before the Emancipation Proclamation, Wells began writing for Memphis newspapers in her twenties. Wells, Ida B.. "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. Wells (18621931) was raised by parents who were leaders in the black community during Reconstruction. Humiliating indeed, but altogether unanswerable, was the reply of the French press to our protest: Stop your lynchings at home before you send your protests abroad.. The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. When Ida B. Her openly uncensored publications, 'Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its phases, and 'The Red She refused and was forcibly removed from the train. By challenging the white power structure, she became a target. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. by Frederick Douglass (illustrated HTML at NIU) The mayor gave the school children a holiday and the railroads ran excursion trains so that the people might see a human being burned to death. There has also been a movement to honor Wells with a statue in the Chicago neighborhood where she lived. There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. . But the reign of the national law was short-lived and illusionary. Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. The entire number is divided among the following States: Alabama 22 Montana. 4Arkansas.. 25 New York 1California 3 North Carolina 5Florida 11 North Dakota.. 1Georgia 17 Ohio. 3Idaho.. 8 South Carolina 5Illinois.. 1 Tennessee.. 28Kansas. 3 Texas 15Kentucky.. 9 Virginia 7Louisiana. 29 West Virginia. During the anti-lynching movement, Ida B. In 1909, however, she gained a powerful ally in the newly formed National Association for the Advancement . Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Her writings infuriated a portion of the citys white population, who ransacked the office of her newspaper. During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the unwritten law. This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law. . In Paris the officers of the law delivered the prisoner to the mob. Primary Source: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born a slave in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. Wells. Lynchings were violent public acts that white people used to terrorize and control Black people in the 19th and 20th centuries . 1900. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the efforts to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. Wells, "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. When the court adjourned, the prisoner was dead. The Anti-Lynching Bureau of the National Afro-American Council is arranging to have every lynching investigated and publish the facts to the world, as has been done in the case of Sam Hose, who was burned alive last April at Newman, Ga. To those who fail to be convinced from any other point of view touching this momentous question, a consideration of the economic phase might not be amiss. Those were busy days of busy men. These people knew nothing about Christianity and did not profess to follow its teachings; but such primary laws as they had they lived up to. She examined a number of cases of lynching and concluded that the accusations of criminal activity were mere pretexts, contrary to the claims of those who tried to justify the practice. Lynch Law In America, By Ida B. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. Of five hundred newspaper clippings of that horrible affair, nine-tenths of them assumed Hoses guiltsimply because his murderers said so, and because it is the fashion to believe the negro peculiarly addicted to this species of crime. This cannot be until Americans of every section, of broadest patriotism and best and wisest citizenship, not only see the defect in our countrys armor but take the necessary steps to remedy it. Wells became deeply interested in the lynching problem after three Black businessmen she knew were killed by a white mob outside Memphis, Tennessee, in 1892. . But that did not stop journalist Ida B. Ida B. Southern horrors : lynch law in all its phases Names Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931 (Author) Dates / Origin Date Issued: 1892 Place: New York Publisher: New York Age Print Library locations Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division Shelf locator: Sc Rare 364.1-B (Barnett, I.B. Wells." Wells argues against the lynching of African Americans of the time. Our nation has been active and outspoken in its endeavors to right the wrongs of the Armenian Christian, the Russian Jew, the Irish Home Ruler, the native women of India, the Siberian exile, and the Cuban patriot. Aims and Objects of the Movement for Solution of t "The Bible," from Christianity and Liberalism. When Ida was 16, her family faced a terrible tragedy when her parents and baby brother died of yellow fever. In May 1884, Wells had boarded a train to Nashville with a first-class ticket, but she was told that she had to sit in the car reserved for African Americans. The Educational and Industrial Emancipation of the A Governor Bitterly Opposes Negro Education. Wells-Barnett, Ida B, et al. Robert J. McNamara is a history expert and former magazine journalist. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900," Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches, Lit2Go Edition, (1900), accessed March 01, 2023, https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. Journalist Ida B. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. But men, women, and children were the victims of murder by individuals and murder by mobs, just as they had been when killed at the demands of the unwritten law to prevent negro domination. Negroes were killed for disputing over terms of contracts with their employers. It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute-books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. The implication of her speech's titlethat lynching had become America's lawwould surely have caused her audience to pause, and the entirety of her speech provided the facts necessary for them to reflect upon. 1) Anaphora listing injustice and arbitrariness. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. The American Birthright and the Philippine Pottage. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Ida B. Wells-Barnett's Arena article was groundbreaking in many ways. In Paris the officers of the law delivered the prisoner to the mob. global concepts, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases and A Red Record have been retained in the second edition. Wells (1893).Which of the following arguments did Ida B. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. Of this number, 160 were of negro descent. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. She refused and was ejected from the train. The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. The pamphlet was reprinted in 1893 and 1894. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. . It was enough to fight the enemies from without; woe to the foe within! The Negros Place in World Reorganization, The Subjective Necessity of Social Settlements, Some Reasons Why We Oppose Votes for Women, National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, ne Ida Bell Wells, (born July 16, 1862, Holly Springs, Mississippi, U.S.died March 25, 1931, Chicago, Illinois), American journalist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. Wells died on March 25, 1931. . Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. Men were taken from their homes by red-shirt bands and stripped, beaten, and exiled; others were assassinated when their political prominence made them obnoxious to their political opponents; while the Ku-Klux barbarism of election days, reveling in the butchery of thousands of colored voters, furnished records in Congressional investigations that are a disgrace to civilization. It contains the reports of several lynchings and the results of an . Lynching remains one of the most disturbing and least understood atrocities in American history . But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. Lynch law in Georgia by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931; Le Vin, Louis P Publication date 1899 Topics Lynching, African Americans Publisher Chicago : This pamphlet is circulated by Chicago colored citizens Collection lincolncollection; americana Digitizing sponsor . . These advocates of the unwritten law boldly avowed their purpose to intimidate, suppress, and nullify the negros right to vote. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900. Two months earlier, her friend . The lynching record for a quarter of a century merits the thoughtful study of the American people. Wells was one of those voices. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born enslaved in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. At Newman, Ga., of the present year, the mob tried every conceivable torture to compel the victim to cry out and confess, before they set fire to the faggots that burned him. At one point a newspaper she owned was burned by a white mob. 5Maryland.. 1 Wyoming. 9Mississippi.. 16 Arizona Ter 3Missouri.. 6 Oklahoma 2 According to this count, 73% of lynchings occurred in the South. He made the charge, impaneled the jurors, and directed the execution. She began advocating for the Black citizens of Memphis to move to the West, and she urged boycotts of segregated streetcars. That given, he will abide the result. Source: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Lynch Law in America, The Arena 23 (January 1900), 15-24. Wells died she had faded from public view somewhat, and major newspapers did not note her passing. "Lynch Law in America" (Speech Given in Chicago, Illinois; Jan. 1900) by Ida B Wells Our country's national crime is lynching. Ida B Wells-Barnett. IDA B. The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. It is not the cr eat ur e of an hour , the su dden out bur st of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches. But their trouble was all in vainhe never uttered a cry, and they could not make him confess. Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. Wells: "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Log in to see the full document and commentary. There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. Indeed, the record for the last twenty years shows exactly the same or a smaller proportion who have been charged with this horrible crime. The Arena. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. A new name was given to the killings and a new excuse was invented for so doing. She continued her work there on behalf of African Americans. But the reign of the national law was short-lived and illusionary. This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. It next appeared in the South, where centuries of Anglo-Saxon civilization had made effective all the safeguards of court procedure. However, as a forty-year-old African American in 1900, denied an . Available in hard copy and for download. Instead of lynchings being caused by assaults upon women, the statistics show that not one-third of the victims of lynchings are even charged with such crimes. (1900). Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly-made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. Wells was encouraged to pursue her education, and she eventually became a teacher herself. Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches (Lit2Go Edition). In March 2018, as part of a project to highlight women who had been overlooked, the New York Times published a belated obituary of Ida B. The alleged menace of universal suffrage having been avoided by the absolute suppression of the negro vote, the spirit of mob murder should have been satisfied and the butchery of negroes should have ceased. Wells began her essay, "Lynch Laws in America," with the observation: "Our country's national crime is lynching" (Wells 1). 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