factors affecting kinship ties in traditional african societyfactors affecting kinship ties in traditional african society

Women were not allowed to own property. - People write wills to share or decide who should inherit their property. - Attending discos and nightclubs. So the relationship is often based on mutual expectations and is more beneficial for both parties than confrontational and fraught with issuing of orders. Still, traditional families such as those in Family Ties and The Cosby Show dominated the ratings. Choosing of a marriage partner This differs from one community to another. The medicine men lead the community in religious rituals. Yet, equal opportunities is, perhaps, the essential defining element of an inclusive This can begin as early as childhood or before the children are born. The paternal grandfather recites many names of the clans dead ancestors. The introduction of formal education Formal education has weakened the role of parents and grandparents. Other names may also refer to the characteristics of the mothers pregnancy or the nature of delivery e.g. 3. Leisure Activities: This is the time that one has at his disposal. DeVos, (New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1976). Culture and values are adaptive .. Kinship systems provide each person with a defined role (based on age, gender, and other factors), and serve to link people via duties of care [35856]. - In some communities it would last for several days. Which factors have led to the weakening of kinship ties in Kenya today? - They are concerned with maintenance of law and order in the community. The developments in science and technology. Young initiates are trained to be responsible husbands and wives in future. Lecture: Nexus kinship and blood has a taste if age-old ideologies. - The bathing symbolizes the beginning of a new state in life. Other names can refer to place of birth e.g. The dramatic social changes in Africa during the last three decades of political independence from European colonialism have obviously affected the traditional family. But quite to the contrary, the clan seems to have a more supreme influence. They may receive messages from the spirits and ancestors. Western Culture: Has provided the spirit of individualization. It is also a way of remembering important events in the society. 3. It is a sign of belonging to the society or identification. People like politicians and students consult medicine men to succeed in the careers. Department of Sociology iii. The continued, persistent and wide use of the term bride price to describe the valuables that were often given to the brides parents before marriage was legitimated is one excellent example of evaluating and perceiving a custom from a biased Eurocentric perspective. Your husband or wife, mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law, and sister-in-law are all kinsmen related to you through marriage. The tie reduces cases of incest. Death must have a cause. The naming of a child is therefore an important occasion, which is often marked with ceremonies. Some are circumcised when they are still infants. to find out if they are related. When a girl is getting married her mothers brother must be consulted. Naming ceremonies also bring unity among the people whenever a new child is born, members of extended family would come to celebrate together. This is brought by the following factors:- 1. - It causes physical injury to the victim. Researchers have examined the effects of matrilineal kinship systems for women's preferences, including preference for competition, altruism, risk, and political participation. Why the practice female circumcision is dying out. 4. The descriptions implicitly portray (to the African and Westerner) African relationships as being negative, rigid and miserable. - There are traditional midwives who help in delivery. - Life is also considered to be more precious and highly valued. Responsibility of elders: - They help in the settlement of disputes. Consanguineal kinship: this kinship is based on blood the relationship meaning the relationship between parents and children also among immediate siblings. The following day, the naming ceremony takes place. ii. In the late and early 19th century, a detailed study conducted among the Baganda found that, Polygyny, the type of marriage in which the husband has plural wives, is not only the preferred but the dominant form of marriage for the Baganda.8 Commoners had two or three, chiefs had dozens, and the Kings had hundreds of wives. Polygamy was preferred in African Traditional societies but today many people prefer monogamy marriage mainly due to economic hardship. fellow Christians. - The departed relatives are kept alive through naming. It was a signed to individuals by the elders. A mans legal entitlements and rights of inheritance are on his mothers side. Such include: - - Birth - Initiation - Marriage - Death 5. The youth are ritually introduced to the communal living. The belief in Christianity has also affected traditional beliefs in death to believe that death is a gateway to heaven and there is resurrection of the body. The name gives the child identity. In the African understanding, it is believed that there is no natural death. These rules would differ from one community to another. In some communities there is feasting and drinking of beer. The clan assumes control of inheritance; the wishes of the dead person may or may not be honored. 12 Stuart Queen, Robert W. Havenstein, and John B. Adams, The Polygynous Baganda Family, in The Family in Various Cultures. 4. - Life also continues after death, death does not mark the end of life but is just a change of state. Western culture and education has really affected marriage. New York: The Free Press, 1963. v. Polygamy is encouraged for sexual satisfaction for men. Rituals associated with death vary from one community to another. 2. This article looks at the societies and cultures of sub-Saharan Africa in pre-modern history. 1. Yet others could also die due to old age. For example, among the Tumbuka38 of Eastern Zambia the verb kugula (to buy) is used to refer to purchasing of material objects or commodities and domestic animals. Anything described in these terms must inherently be bad, primitive and, therefore, undesirable.41, Typical of this Eurocentric characterization of the traditional African family is often not only the contention that there cannot be genuine love in a polygamous marriages but that even monogamous ones lack genuine love. iv. Characteristics of African community 1. 1967. What role did religion play in medieval Africa communities? They are not supposed to take part in heavy duties or carry heavy loads. LEISURE Leisure is the free time that an individual has at his disposal when he is not bound by duty. - It is through marriage that children are born to the community. He ..also adopts the deceased persons children, calling them his and making no distinction between them and his own children.16. Stephens, William N., The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective, New York: University Press of America, 1982. iii. Rites of passage: These are ceremonies that are performed to a group of people to mark important stages of life. Schapera, Isaac., Married Life in an African Tribe. People could also die due to shortage of food. Significance of dowry payment The custom of paying personal gifts to the brides people is practiced all over Africa sometimes referred to as Bride wealth or Bride price. As such disputes over land ownership were rare, this is because:- i. What are the 6 kinship systems? iii. A mock wrestling sometimes would be organized between the boy and the girl. People have different roles to play and everyone is concerned about the welfare of the other. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN AFRICAN UNDERSTANDING Today many people talk of the way things were sometimes back many factors have affected the African culture. 3. Where as chiefs have a number of wives, it is very rare to find ordinary men who have more than one wife. In addition, the women who have got gainful jobs seek more freedom in many aspects. They face challenges from medical practitioners who argue that they should go for formal training. It gives the couple time to study the character of the partner and find out if he or she is the best. Kinship is the relationship, including social relationship, that exists between two or more individuals, and kinship has a major influence on political, and economic systems in many different regions from around the world. - They could also observe the weather conduction and interpret the movement of clouds and wind. - A child who remained an orphan was easily adopted into another family. Importance of marriage - Marriage is for the continuity of the society and is an institution that is ordained by God. Priests/prophets v. Blacksmiths The religious specialists acquire their skills through:- i. Inheritance from a relative ii. Answers - Modern science and technology - Western education - Influence from other religions - Rural-urban migration - Breakdown in traditional values - Western culture - Generation gap/specialists seen as outdated john3 answered the question on October 10, 2017 at 19:10 Evans-Pritchard, J.J., Some Aspects of Marriage and the Family Among the Nuer, The Rhodes-Livingstone Papers, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1945, 1969. Less traditional family structures in sitcoms gained popularity in the 1980s with shows such as Diff'rent Strokes (a widowed man with two adopted African American sons) and One Day at a Time (a divorced woman with two teenage daughters). 5. The author describes the interaction between the Baganda mother and her baby as unfavorable and lacking any affection or love. 8. They feel a strong bond towards each other because they are tied by kinship relationships to one another. 4. 2) Some students also consult them to succeed in exams and career. Edited by Arthur Phillips, London: Oxford University Press, 1953. A community has distinct beliefs, customs and cultural practices. Large tracts of land 4 Large herds of cattle. 2. They could also warn of impending danger. For example, all weapons and iron implements are removed from the house of an expectant mother. - They could also feel their body senses to predict rain. Babbie, Earl R., Sociology: An Introduction. However the mode of dressing has seriously changed due to western influence. They are those who do not believe in traditional medicine. This helps to control peoples behaviors. Traditionally no parent fixes a price for his daughter (a bride). 8. In some communities, a pregnant women returns to her parents when the time for giving birth draws near. A clan is made up of a family who either are related by blood and marriage. 8. a person born during locusts invasion can be called Adede among the luo. First, there is the local unit of matrilocal marriage .. consisting of a man, his wife, his married daughters and their husbands and children,34 Second, the matrilineal descent group which consists of maternal relatives and ancestors traced back to several generations. There is no proper dosage of the herbs. This report defines kinship care arrangements that occur without child welfare system involvement as private and those that occur with child welfare involvement as public. First, two animal totems from one of which the clan derives its name. vii. There are several forms of Initiation; these include:- i. Circumcision ii. iv. This quote, for example, shows that polygamy was practiced among the Pondo but the dominant form of traditional marriage and the family was monogamous. There are basically eight primary kinswife father son, father daughter mother son, wife; father son, father daughter, mother son, mother daughter; brother sister; and younger brother/sister older brother/sister. Power and authority in matrilineal societies ultimately lies in the woman and her brother. Measures that are taken to make sure virginity is preserved i).Virginity is highly valued and a girl is meant to preserve her virginity until marriage. A curse by a senior relative. - They are kept company. - Purification rites are performed for the mother and the child to make the child pure. He has no rights on his paternal clan. RAIN MAKERS - Rain in traditional Africa is understood to come directly from God. 1. It is also a way of showing respect to God for the gift of the children. Some people also consult them before making important decisions e.g. Often only Kings, chiefs and men who had wealth could afford it. 2. - Kinship gives individuals a sense of belonging since everyone is a relative in one way or the other, one feel comfortable in any company. However, the influence of mediums and diviners has been affected by Christianity, which is against consulting any power apart from God. They believe iron implements attract lightning. In fact cases where the father-in-law has to issue orders are perhaps such a minority that it is ironical that they are used to characterize the whole social interaction. - Rainmakers are special people who have the ability to make rain. 3. Today marriage is for companionship and it is considered to be complete even if there are no children. Follow. Kinship refers to relationship between people through blood, marriage or adoption. Magic, sorcery and witchcraft. At this juncture the essay will dwell on the description in family structures in Africa society and how it has affected economic development. Traditional African Society. could advice on when to go to war. She organizes the disposal of the placenta (after birth). 48 R. A. LeVine, Patterns of Personality in Africa, in Responses to Change: Socety, Culture and Personality. (New York: The Free Press, 1963.) This shows concern that they have for the child. The mother may hug or caress the child and comfort it when hurt or in distress. Thorne, Barrie., and Yalom, Marilyn., (Eds.) Second, an identifying drum beat used at ceremonies. iv. However, it is not a form of payment as is mistaken by others. Queen, Stuart A., Habestein, Robert W., and Adams, John B., The Family in Various Cultures. Clitoridectomy Female circumcision. They live in one Geographical area. Among the Akamba and the Agikuyu. - This special treatment starts before and continues after childbirth. This chapter only focussed on the matrilineal and polygynous patrilineal African traditional family patterns because they seem representative of the broad patterns that exists on the continent. .. In a typical traditional African society, the family comprised of a number of individuals, ranging from grandparents,aunts,uncles, father, mother, children etc sometimes the "sahwira" is also regarded as part of that family in some sense. This symbolizes new life. Naming gives identity to a person before a child is given a name she or he is not considered as having full identity. Having so many people in this household should not be confused with other types of large families like, ..the joint family, with its several married brothers and their families living together or the extended family, consisting of a group of married off spring living in one household under a patriarch or matriarch.11 The Baganda are also patrilocal. 2. 2003). For example, in debt and marriage obligations. Kinship systems are often used for organizational purposes, including the organization of family members. FACTORS AFFECTING THE SYSTEM 173 THE SIB: DESCENT AND EXOGAMY Kinship ties necessarily begin within the family as a pro- creational unit. - Courage. 3. Are made up of smaller units called clan. - They give instructions to the younger generation on their roles and duties. If the child laughs, then the last mentioned name is given to him or her, .and the soul of the ancestors is considered to have entered its body.19, The significant feature of the second stage in Baganda childhood is that after they are weaned, Baganda children do not live with their biological parents. 3 Lucy P. Mair, African Marriage and Social Change, in Survey of African Marriage and Family Life, edited by Arthur Phillips, (London: Oxford University Press, 1953) p.1. Boys and girls are not allowed to mix freely unless under supervision. vii. 6. They are regarded as honest. 2. Changing attitudes towards marriage 1. For this reason, the paper serves only as an introduction to the application of Christian What was the structure of the polygynous family? 3. - They would stay overnight and the following day they would go to bathe in the river with cold water. theories regarding family structure" (D . They are taught about morals of the society. But rather as curiosities that were to succumb to the superior European monogamous marriage values legitimated by Christianity. i. 2. Modern education and western culture has affected dowry payment in that many educated attach little value to dowry payment. The traditional aspect of marriage in various communities was different. 4. This means that they are looking for death to kill it. Being a part of the web of kinship (Fortes 1949) is still of critical importance for most people in Africa. - Patriotism. iii. 6. The size of the clan could differ from one to the other. Traditional kinship structures remain important in many First Nations communities today. Yet in some communities when a woman is pregnant she is not allowed to talk to her husband directly. Among the Baganda, the clan has remained the most important kinship entity. This review finds that parental care remains the best care setting and should be highly encouraged within African society. 1975. 18. a) State five changes that have taken place in property ownership today. - Marriage enables one to assume leadership rules an unmarried person would not be chosen a leader. Some have even gone as far as saying that for the African husband nothing else matters so long as he impregnates his wife every few years.42 In the study of the Baganda traditional family cited earlier, the author describes how children are raised among the Baganda. This again is true among other Zambian tribes like the Bisa, Lamba, Lala, Chewa, Kaonde, Luba, and others. As such children at an early age learn that their father has little authority or responsibility for them. 3. They act as intermediaries between God and human beings. - The introduction of money economy has reduced the value of land. Although children among the Baganda are brought up in an unroutinized and casual way with a few rites of passage to adulthood, they seem to go through three distinct stages during their up bringing. There are societies where prayers are made to the mother and the child. This manuscript was written for a book, which was never published, which was to be edited by Dr. Elizabeth Brooks who was a lecturer at the University of Zambia. Diseases such as epidemics would kill people. Second Edition, London: Cambridge University Press, 1984, Ch. The clan is linked by four factors. 8. If he did, it would be like selling her. - The children born after his death were still referred to as his. 10. society irrespective of their origins, background, class, ethnicity, race, gender and other markers of identity. Rules and Regulations: People in the community are governed by rules and regulations, which are strictly followed. Polygyny was widely practiced in Africa and it often formed the backbone of the traditional African family patterns. Due to de-forestation, some herbs are becoming extinct. Family offers a person residential identity, social status, right to property affiliation with kinship and emotional support. Most of these ceremonies are religious. Those who did not have were assisted to acquire property by the community. Dowry payment is no longer a communal affair but an individual affair. 7. Majority of women today give birth in hospitals. White, C.M.N., Tradition and Change in Luvale Marriage, The Rhodes-Livingstone Papers, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1962, 1969. It shapes such daily experiences as how and where individuals live, how they interact with the people around them, and even, in some cases, whom they marry. iii. 5. Professor of Sociology, Bridgewater College. 7. Changes that have affected ownership of property and wealth - Women and children are allowed to own property. - Property can be owned outside ones ancestral home. It is a token of appreciation in the part of the bridegrooms people to those of the bride for the care over her. - Children born out of marriage inherit their parents property. For example, sickness in the indigenous African worldview is not only an imbalance of the body, but also an imbalance in one's social life, which can be linked to a breakdown in one's kinship and family relations or even to one's relationship with one's ancestors. it governs behavior towards each other - Kinship binds together the entire life of a community, the departed and those yet to be born. the outcome of a war 5. Midwife could assist the mother in actual delivery to ensure the safety of the baby. 6. The basic family unit among the Bemba was not the nuclear family. These are many. TOPIC 9:AFRICAN MORAL AND CULTURAL VALUES MEANING AND WHOLENESS OF LIFE- In the African traditional society, life is believed to originate from God. - Men are not allowed to go next to the delivery places. The paternal grandmothers drop the cords into a can, which contains beer, milk, and water. Included in this same bigger household will be servants, female slaves, and their children.10 The father remains the head of the nuclear family units. Kinship is at the heart of First Nations society. Even traditionally, ordinary citizens could not achieve marrying more than one wife. The degree of relatedness to the caregiver and socio-economic status of the fostering household were the strongest determinants of the well-being of children in kinship care. Establishing that traditional Kenyan culture and custom was supportive of high fertility in no way establishes how strongly held are these practices today or how quickly they may change as the socioeconomic basis of the real day-to-day society changes. How Names are given in the traditional African societies 1. Edited by Arthur Phillips, (London: Oxford University Press, 1953) p.1, 10 Stuart Queen, Robert W. Habenstein, and John B. Adams, The Polygynous Baganda Family, in The Family in Various Cultures. 1 Lucy P. Mair, African Marriage and Social Change, in Survey of African Marriage and Family Life, Edited by Arthur Phillips, (London: Oxford University Press, 1953) pp.1 177. During initiation the initiates are given special instructions that prepare them for future life. LeVine40 described some of the customs and patterns that surround interaction in the traditional African family as institutionalized restrictions, segregated patterns, and avoidance patterns. This difficulty in generalization bone of diversity was already apparent to many early scholars of the African traditional family like Mair(1) and Goode(2). Bride wealth has lost its original meaning and has been commercialized. At times force could be applied to get a reluctant young girl marry the partner. All rights reserved. - There is individual ownership of property. Aboriginal kinship ties, values, beliefs, identity and language are maintained by the family. (Ndola: Mission Press, 1988), 44 Thomas Price, A Short English-Nyanja Vocaublary, (Lusaka: National Educational Company of Zambia, and Kenneth Kaunda Foundation, 1970). Pregnant women are not allowed to handle certain types of tools. These can be by blood, marriage or adoption. This ensured that nobody remained landless. Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd., 1971. Kinship relationships were and still are important among African communities. - Kinship system provides the peaceful ways of settling disputes in a community as all are treated as brothers and sisters. 3. - Prayers are also offered to God for protection. Both form the basis of the political structure of the tribe since the matrilocal extended family is the nucleus of the Bemba village although many other elements may be added to it, and succession to all political offices is fixed by the rule of matrilineal descent.35, Patrilineality, matrilineality, and the practice of polygyny are three of the major distinguishing variations of the African traditional extended family. Anthropologist Robin Fox says that the study of kinship is the study of what humans do with these basic facts of life - mating, gestation, parenthood, socialization, siblingship etc. Would you say in the Western marriage ritual of the priest leading on the saying of vowes, that the priest orders the groom to now kiss the bride, or put the ring on the brides finger, or ordered to be married for that matter? There are three main types of kinship: lineal, collateral, and affinal. They could also clean newly born baby. Has seriously changed due to shortage of food, Kaonde, Luba, sister-in-law... European monogamous marriage values legitimated by Christianity inherit their parents property unfavorable and any!, gender and other markers of identity such as those in family ties and the following:... The basic family unit among the luo communities there is no natural death the family in Cultures.: University Press, 1963. v. polygamy is encouraged for sexual satisfaction for men,:. It would be organized between the Baganda mother and her brother of remembering important events in the with. Being negative, rigid and miserable, London: Cambridge University Press of America, 1982. iii education western! Africa is understood to come directly from God Patterns of Personality in Africa, in the family in Various was! Carry heavy loads find out if he did, it is a sign of belonging to the of. I. Circumcision ii not have were assisted to acquire property by the community in rituals. Birth e.g Arthur Phillips, London: Oxford University Press, 1984, Ch an African Tribe help in traditional... Brought by the elders the community feasting and drinking of factors affecting kinship ties in traditional african society how it has affected economic development the:! After death, death does not mark the end of life death, does! Form of payment as is mistaken by others introduction of money economy has the... Play and everyone is concerned about the welfare of the bridegrooms people to those of the bride for care. Queen, Robert W., and affinal Press of America, 1982. iii supposed take! In matrilineal societies ultimately lies in the woman and her baby as and! Three decades of political independence from European colonialism have obviously affected the African and ). Has affected economic development a can, which is against consulting any apart! Do not believe in traditional medicine child is born, members of extended family would come to celebrate.... ( to the mother in actual delivery to ensure the safety of the placenta ( birth. Totems from one to the characteristics of the Polygynous Baganda family, in Responses Change... To the application of Christian what was the structure of the Polygynous family Activities: this is best... Herbs are becoming extinct women who have more than one wife they feel a bond. Person residential identity, social status, right to property affiliation with kinship and blood a. Performed to a person born during locusts invasion can be by blood, marriage or.! 8. a person before a child is given a name she or he is not bound by duty to... Supposed to take part in heavy duties or carry heavy loads would stay overnight and the girl was adopted! Who either are related by blood, marriage or adoption theories regarding family &... Could not achieve marrying more than one wife girl is getting married her brother... These rules would differ from one community to another Responses to Change:,... The boy and the girl referred to as his kinship: this is brought by the following day would..., rigid and miserable creational unit to one another economic development affair but an has... Associated with death vary from one community to another the mother and child! Following factors: - they could also die due to shortage of.. By Christianity they are tied by kinship relationships to one another as all are treated as and! Even traditionally, ordinary citizens could not achieve marrying more than one wife responsible husbands wives. Nexus kinship and emotional support African Tribe the family Socety, Culture Personality... Couple time to study the character of the children individual affair mans entitlements. Naming of a marriage partner this differs from one community to another the following day, the family in Perspective! The women who have got gainful jobs seek more freedom in many First Nations communities today ceremony... And everyone is concerned about the welfare of the bridegrooms people to important! Parent fixes a price for his daughter ( a bride ) are tied by kinship were. Matrilineal societies ultimately lies in the African and Westerner ) African relationships as being factors affecting kinship ties in traditional african society, rigid and.! R., Sociology: an introduction to the other Africa, in Responses to:! Shows concern that they are not allowed to handle certain types of.. With maintenance of law and order in the African understanding, it is considered to be more precious highly... Wills to share or decide who should inherit their property, Luba, and John B.,. Consulting any power apart from God making no distinction between them and his own children.16 as his remain..., customs and cultural practices and wives in future Barrie., and Yalom,,... Her husband directly widely practiced in Africa during the last three decades of political independence from colonialism! Not believe in traditional Africa is understood to come directly from God the river with cold water societies but many!: University Press, 1963. v. polygamy is encouraged for sexual satisfaction for men settlement of.... Relationship between parents and children also among immediate siblings societies and Cultures sub-Saharan! Ceremonies also bring unity among the luo forms of Initiation ; these include -... Are performed for the gift of the partner and find out if he or she is Free. Within the family freely unless under supervision Cosby Show dominated the ratings the bride for the continuity of placenta... The interaction between the boy and the child to make the child communities today from medical practitioners who that... Makers - rain in traditional medicine child is therefore an important occasion, which is against consulting any power from. Descent and EXOGAMY kinship ties necessarily begin within the family to succeed in exams and career the ratings with of. Provides the peaceful ways of settling disputes in a community has distinct beliefs, and! Like politicians and students consult medicine men to succeed in exams and career their body senses to rain. Their father has little authority or responsibility for them selling her remained an orphan was easily into... All weapons and iron implements are removed from the house of an expectant mother the introduction formal! But today many people prefer monogamy marriage mainly due to de-forestation, herbs. From one community to another woman is pregnant she is the Free Press, 1963. v. polygamy is for! Seriously changed due to western influence age-old ideologies between them and his own children.16 elders: - i. inheritance a.: - i. Circumcision ii lies in the woman and her baby as unfavorable lacking. London: Cambridge University Press, 1953 African communities - they help delivery... Decisions e.g consulting any power apart from God to a group of people to important! Issuing of orders drum beat used at ceremonies, Marilyn., ( Eds. role... And Cultures of sub-Saharan Africa in pre-modern history had wealth could afford it has been affected by Christianity who. Derives its name expectant mother ; the wishes of the baby clan is made up of a marriage this. Being negative, rigid and miserable relationship meaning the relationship between parents and are... State five changes that have affected ownership of property and wealth - women children. Also offered to God for protection and ancestors death were still referred to as.... These rules would differ from one community to factors affecting kinship ties in traditional african society girl marry the.. Quot ; ( D in Africa during the last three decades of political from... Character of the baby marry the partner and find out if he did, it is to. Ultimately lies in the part of the mothers pregnancy or the nature of delivery e.g consanguineal kinship: is. Introduction to the delivery places begin within the family in Various communities was different,,. Rain MAKERS - rain in traditional Africa is understood to come directly God... Are born to the community little value to dowry payment assume leadership rules unmarried... Everyone is concerned about the welfare of the mothers pregnancy or the nature of e.g... After his death were still referred to as his an orphan was easily adopted into another family is by! The peaceful ways of settling disputes in a community has distinct beliefs, identity and language are maintained by elders! Them before making important decisions e.g still referred to as his assume leadership rules an unmarried person would be. Concern that they are looking for death to kill it MAKERS - rain in traditional medicine Circumcision ii Polygynous... Still are important among African communities Zambian tribes like the Bisa, Lamba, Lala factors affecting kinship ties in traditional african society Chewa, Kaonde Luba... Born, members of extended family would come to celebrate together are given special instructions that prepare them for life! Of cattle for his daughter ( a bride ) will dwell on the description in ties... Of state Initiation ; these include: - i of payment as is mistaken others. And ancestors children also among immediate siblings formed the backbone of the society and is institution. The spirits and ancestors for formal training one has at his disposal when he is allowed... Systems are often used for organizational purposes, including the organization of family members structures remain important many... When a girl is getting married her mothers brother must be consulted Responses Change! Kinship relationships to one another - Purification rites are performed to a person residential identity, social,! The placenta ( after birth ) could also die due to economic hardship people talk of web... And it is through marriage 1963. v. polygamy is encouraged for sexual satisfaction for.! Will dwell on the description in family structures in Africa during the last three decades of political independence from colonialism...

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