when groundwater is extracted (overpumping) and the grains are compacted to fill the empty space Most simply, the aquifer's porosity and permeability (defined above) are variables that govern its hydraulic conductivity and storativity. a) oceans e) two glaciers that cross. The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. 3.6 Specific Yield and Specific Retention, 3.7 Interrelationship of Effective Porosity, Specific Yield and Specific Retention, 4.6 Further Investigation of Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.1 Conditions Effecting Hydraulic Conductivity Values, 5.2 Methods to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.3 Hydraulic Conductivity Values for Earth Materials, 5.4 Spatial and Directional Variation of Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.5 Hydraulic Conductivity of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Materials, 5.6 Hydraulic Conductivity in Fractured Rocks, 6.4 Properties of Aquifers and Confining Units, 7.2 Governing Equations for Confined Transient Groundwater Flow, 7.3 Governing Equations for Unconfined Groundwater Flow, 7.4 Steady State Equations Describing Confined and Unconfined Flow, 8.2 Determining Groundwater Flow Directions, 8.3 The Influence of Boundary Conditions, 8.4 Analysis of Groundwater Flow Systems, Box 1 Density of Common Minerals, Rock Types and Soils, Box 3 Foundation for Understanding Hydraulic Head and Force Potentials, Box 4 Methods for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity, Box 5 Equation Derivation for Equivalent K and a 4-layer Application, Box 6 Adding Recharge to the Unconfined Aquifer System, Box 7 Transformation for 2-D Flow in an Anisotropic Medium, Box 8 Deriving the Tangent Law of Refraction. c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with the roundness of the grains? Porosity can be referred to or considered as the ability of the water to penetrate through the pores contained inside a rock, and the . In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: controls the amount of water that can be stored, determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts, does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts, is constant from one type of material to another. Test Prep. a. number of atoms in 25.7gAl25.7 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Al}25.7gAl a) Asia rifted apart form Europe Usually. Groundwater is found in two zones. c) weather sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast pore spaces in the unsaturated zone contain air with no water, there is an unsaturated zone below some rivers. These pores are isolated from the active groundwater system, thus do not contribute to exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater. The porosity of rocks describes the rocks' capacity to hold water. This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. a) salt a) sedimentary For most rocks, porosity varies from less than 1% to 40%. BSc (Honours) Geography and Environmental Science. For each numbered arrow in Figure 2, here is my geology question These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System. Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). b) compaction d) dikes, coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that: a) near magma but a shallow levels e) none of the above, c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground, which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity? c) the crust is stronger In the case of groundwater, that material is the ground. b) stresses are pushing inward all directions by the same amount d) tides increase and decrease the size of waves but leave sea level unchanged Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. the volume of open spaces in rock or soil. Porosity determines the amount of water that a rock or sediment can contain. c) Co2 gas from roots e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material's total volume. a) mid ocean ridge Worksheet - Groundwater and Florida Geology.pdf, Copy of Worksheet - Groundwater and Florida Geology (2).pdf, Worksheet+-+Groundwater+and+Florida+Geology.pdf, 3 12packs9 933 3 per 12 pack 12 cans x 12 oz each 144 oz per 12 pack 3144oz 02, Specifically you learned About time series resampling and the difference and, About percent of zygotes successfully complete the germinal period to enter the, Majid et al 2011 also found that nurses who had training in EBP felt more, 7 efficiency of cruise port facilities Under this Plan of Action we commit to, Mirrors and Lenses 3 Convex Mirror or Diverging Mirror 16 Put the ray box on the, The determination of the Profit or Loss is done by preparing a Trading and, Pyrometallurgy of Copper-Course Notes-9.pdf, Which of these combines a number of tasks horizontally into one new broader job, Question 3 If a developer says we dont do any discussion or upfront design, These cross sections show the Paleozoic evolution of the northern Appalachian Mountains. X+YZ. c. number of molecules in 14.9gN2O514.9 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~N}_2 \mathrm{O}_514.9gN2O5 For example, to determine the effective porosity of a granular earth material, a sample volume is collected, allowed to dry completely, and then water is introduced slowly to the base of the sample (so that air can escape from the top). a) a line that connects the peaks and valleys of an area Soil texture can also affect soil porosity There are three main soil textures: sand, silt, and clay. Reveal answer Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments ( Table 1 ). The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). Permeability is a physical property of. d. number of formula units in 2.99gNaClO2.99 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NaClO}2.99gNaClO a) well sorted sandstone The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1). c) contamination introduced into the ground does not move c) commercial lodging for typical hardwoods, such as mahogany Water contained under the ground's surface, located in the spaces between soil particles and in the cracks of sand, gravel, and rock; a natural resource and source of water for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry. At the scale of laboratory investigations, careful attention to the conditions of the porous sample is required. All Rights Reserved. 2. subsidence and compaction of the aquifer c) convergent and divergent d) hydrolysis c) beach along and ocean or lake c) warm air flowing around the equator due to the Earth's rotation The porosity of rocks may be increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed. Porosity is the amount (or volume) of void in a rock compared to the total amount of the rock. b) transform c) hardness . usually hidden (more arid (hot) deeper, region between ground surface and water table e) a rock formed from a coral reef, which of the following is not involved in turning some sediments into sedimentary rock? a) 1 mill If groundwater flows naturally out of rock materials or if it can be removed by pumping (in useful amounts), the rock materials are called aquifers. e) a and b only, Composite volcanoes are so called because they: e) a and b only, which of the following rocks cannot be metamorphosed? Porosity is more associated with storage of water, while permeability is more associated with groundwater movement and flow. d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, what rock type is the most common setting for caves formed by dissolution of a rock? a) a lake that is above the water table may lose water to groundwater defined at body of water at that location b) most erosion along shorelines occurs from offshore currents Ideally, sample structure, the degree of compaction, particle packing, and density would be representative of field conditions, which is referred to as an undisturbed sample. d) south America rifted apart from Africa 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans c) Divergent c) ground water This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. c) roots that pry apart fractures as the root grows in size d) dunes formed by wind, What typically happens to the size, shape, and sorting of clasts as they are transported from steep mountains toward more gentle settings? This is referred to as secondary porosity, to distinguish it from the intergranular, or primary, porosity. a) the early oceans were salty because comets are dirty snowballs Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) wells are part of a system to take surplus fresh surface water, treat it as required for permit compliance, and then store it in the Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) for subsequent recovery during dry periods. what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored Which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? b) irrigation However, groundwater, even flowing through rocks with hydraulic conductivities as high as 1 m per day, will only have a speed of around 3 103 m per day under the hydraulic gradient from the Chilterns to London, and will take thousands of years to travel the same distance. a) occurrence of a discrete event like a flood e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand c) the sediment becomes more poorly sorted If a disturbed unconsolidated sample needs to be repacked into a container for porosity testing, it is best if the degree of compaction is noted for the native field conditions (e.g., by using a cone penetrometer or a standard penetration test). a) along the equator Some rocks have pores that are not part of active groundwater flow paths (e.g., some voids in vesicular basalt); pores that are dead ends (similar to a cul-de-sac on a street map); and pores with extremely small connections such that even water molecules do not easily pass, as is the case for some pores in clays. a) there are more pieces but the surface area does not change What is a possible way to increase permeability? a) curly crystals of frost that form early in the morning Leaks of contaminated flowback water Poor Management, Which of the following statements about groundwater is FALSE? If the rocks have low porosity and permeability, the radius of influence will be larger. b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. 35. a) offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes Unconsolidated sediments with rounded grains of uniform size (i.e. Lassen, A hot spot is interpreted to have formed from: e) a wide range in the size of clasts, which of the following places would not be a good place to visit a reef? d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, what causes the stress that forms joints c) a younger rock can include pieces of an older rock. a) centrifugal force that causes water to bulge along the poles e) all of the above are source of material in soil, e) all of the above are source of material in soil, what is the main force involved in the stability of slopes? d) seawater is drawn into a mid ocean ridge, which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling? b) the magnetic signal of the seafloor formed with this polarity would be weaker compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor Free statement of participation on completion of these courses. b) clockwise in the southern hemisphere The studied outcrop has a total thickness of about 60 m which was categorized into four microfacies i.e., bioclastic mudstone, bioclastic mud-wackestone, bioclastic . b) have different types of geological hazards d) a and b only OpenLearn works with other organisations by providing free courses and resources that support our mission of opening up educational opportunities to more people in more places. b) bottled spring water C c) canyons incised into bedrock c) thrust Free drainage occurs because of the force of gravity pulling on the water. d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away c) dunes formed by wind c) dark porous lava flows D. all of the above Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? (2010). b) quaternary Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. B. . The input number may contain letters. c) metamorphic c) hardness c) drinking water Materials 2023, 16, 1828. https: . 37. e) rock fall, what is the main reason why the oceans are salty? b) drilling holes into the seafloor from ships e) the ash and pumice were hot and became compared, Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by conduction? The ability of the ground water to pass through the pore spaces in the rock is described as the rock's permeability. Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. c) the upper parts of the glacier can fracture Hydrogeology (hydro-meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and hydrogeology are often used interchangeably.. Hydrogeology is the study of the laws governing the movement of . Tens to thousands of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests. Eventually it emerges back to the land surface, into rivers, and into the oceans to keep the water cycle going. e) open ocean away from land, which of these environments is least likely to deposit siltstone or shale? e) radioactive decay, which of the following is not a common trigger for slope failure? c) oceanic trenches a) a hurricane or cyclone is occurring e) a and b only, The Earth's magnetic field is generated by: c) a change in the supply of sediment Q/A. Two important factors help determine how good an aquifer is: Uploaded on Oct 30, 2014 Dorian Phelps + Follow water water table confined aquifers saturated zone lowered water table c) volcanic glass a) shale d) meanders, which of the following settings contains the least amount of water? a) dissolution Well Development Malla Reddy University Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Groundwater !SYOU co-designed sneakers 2.7k views 29 slides d) water cannot erode unless it is carrying sediment b.For consolidated shale and sandstone sediments, the larger the grain size, the higher the porosity. c) 1 meter a) effervescence a) divergent e) all the above, which of the following is true about how shorelines are affected from the water side? b) a pyroclastic flow a) calm waters in a lagoon "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. c) bottoms of lakes b. 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